1. Amahame rusange yo guhitamo ibikoresho byikora
Amahame rusange yo gutoranya ibikoresho byo kugerageza (ibice) hamwe na valve igenzura nibi bikurikira:
1. Ibisabwa
Ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, kwangirika, uburozi, pulsation nizindi mpamvu zibikorwa ni ibintu nyamukuru bigena guhitamo igikoresho, bifitanye isano no gushyira mu gaciro guhitamo ibikoresho, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwigikoresho n'umuriro, biturika-umutekano n'umutekano w'amahugurwa.ikibazo.
2. Akamaro k'ibikorwa
Akamaro k'ibipimo bya buri kintu cyo gutahura gikora ni ishingiro ryo gutoranya igikoresho cyerekana, gufata amajwi, kwegeranya, gutabaza, kugenzura, kugenzura kure n'ibindi bikorwa.Muri rusange, impinduka zidafite ingaruka nke mubikorwa ariko zigomba gukurikiranwa kenshi zirashobora guhitamo ubwoko bwibipimo;kubintu byingenzi bihinduka bikeneye kumenya impinduka zigenda zihinduka, ubwoko bwanditse bugomba guhitamo;kandi impinduka zimwe zigira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa bigomba kuba Ibihinduka bikurikiranwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose bigomba kugenzurwa;kubihinduka bijyanye nuburinganire bwibintu no gukoresha ingufu bisaba gupima cyangwa ibaruramari ryubukungu, gukusanya bigomba gushyirwaho;impinduka zimwe zishobora kugira ingaruka kumusaruro cyangwa umutekano zigomba gushyirwaho impuruza.
3. Ubukungu n'Ubumwe
Guhitamo igikoresho nabyo bigenwa nubunini bwishoramari.Hateganijwe kuzuza ibisabwa byikoranabuhanga no kugenzura byikora, hagomba gukorwa ibaruramari ryubukungu kugirango haboneke imikorere ikwiye / igipimo cyibiciro.
Kugirango byorohereze kubungabunga no gucunga igikoresho, ubumwe bwigikoresho nabwo bugomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo icyitegererezo.Gerageza guhitamo ibicuruzwa byurukurikirane rumwe, ibisobanuro bimwe na moderi hamwe nuwabikoze umwe.
4. Koresha no gutanga ibikoresho
Igikoresho cyatoranijwe kigomba kuba igicuruzwa gikuze, kandi imikorere yacyo yagaragaye ko yizewe no gukoresha kurubuga;icyarimwe, twakagombye kumenya ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe bigomba kuba bihagije kandi ntibizagira ingaruka kubikorwa byubwubatsi.
Icya kabiri, guhitamo ibikoresho byubushyuhe
<1> Amahame rusange
1. Igice nubunini (igipimo)
Igipimo (igipimo) igikoresho cyubushyuhe cyahujwe muri selisiyusi (° C).
2. Menya (gupima) uburebure bwinjiza bwibigize
Guhitamo uburebure bwinjizwamo bigomba gushingira ku ihame ryuko ikintu cyo gutahura (gupima) cyinjizwa mu mwanya uhagarariye aho ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo bwapimwe bwumva impinduka.Nyamara, muri rusange, kugirango byoroherezwe guhinduranya, uburebure bwibikoresho bya mbere kugeza ku cya kabiri akenshi byatoranijwe kimwe kubikoresho byose.
Mugihe ushyira kumashanyarazi, itanura nibikoresho byububiko hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe, bigomba guhitamo ukurikije ibikenewe.
Ibikoresho byo kurinda igikoresho cyo gutahura (detection) ntigomba kuba munsi yibikoresho byibikoresho cyangwa umuyoboro.Niba amaboko yo gukingira ibicuruzwa byakozwe ari ntoya cyane cyangwa adashobora kwihanganira ruswa (nka thermocouples yintwaro), hagomba kongerwaho andi maboko yo gukingira.
Ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe, guhinduranya ubushyuhe, ibice byerekana ubushyuhe (gupima) hamwe na transmitter zashyizwe ahantu hashobora gutwikwa no guturika hamwe na live bizima bigomba kuba biturika.
<2> Guhitamo ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwaho
1. Icyiciro cyukuri
Inganda rusange yinganda: hitamo icyiciro 1.5 cyangwa icyiciro 1.
Gupima neza na laboratoire ya laboratoire: Icyiciro 0.5 cyangwa 0.25 bigomba gutoranywa.
Urwego rwo gupima
Agaciro karenze gupimwa ntabwo karenze 90% yumupaka wo hejuru wurwego rwo gupima igikoresho, kandi agaciro gasanzwe kapimwe ni hafi 1/2 cyurugero rwo hejuru rwo gupima igikoresho.
Agaciro gapimwe k'umuvuduko wa termometero ugomba kuba hagati ya 1/2 na 3/4 byumupaka wo hejuru wurwego rwo gupima igikoresho.
3. Bimetal ya termometero
Mugihe wujuje ibisabwa byo gupima urwego, umuvuduko wakazi nukuri, bigomba guhitamo.
Diameter y'urubanza muri rusange φ100mm.Ahantu hafite amatara mabi, imyanya ndende hamwe nintera ndende yo kureba, 50150mm igomba guhitamo.
Uburyo bwo guhuza hagati yigikoresho cyigikoresho nigikoresho cyo gukingira bigomba kuba muburyo rusange, cyangwa ubwoko bwa axial cyangwa ubwoko bwa radiyo bushobora gutoranywa ukurikije ihame ryo kwitegereza neza.
4. Kanda kuri termometero
Irakwiriye kurubuga cyangwa kurubuga rwerekana ubushyuhe buke munsi ya -80 ℃, ntibishobora gukurikiranirwa hafi, hamwe no kunyeganyega hamwe nibisabwa bike.
5. Ikirahure cya termometero
Irakoreshwa gusa mubihe bidasanzwe bifite ibipimo bihanitse byukuri, kunyeganyega gato, nta byangiritse no kwitegereza byoroshye.Nyamara, mercure-mu kirahure ya termometero ntigomba gukoreshwa kubera ingaruka za mercure.
6. Igikoresho fatizo
Kubibanza cyangwa kurubuga rwo gushiraho ibikoresho byo gupima no kugenzura (kugorora), ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwibanze bigomba gukoreshwa.
7. Guhindura ubushyuhe
Birakwiriye mubihe aho ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bisabwa kugirango bipime ubushyuhe.
<3> Guhitamo ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwo hagati
1. Menya ibice
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(2) Thermocouples irakwiriye mubihe rusange.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro burakwiranye no kunyeganyeza porogaramu.Thermistors irakwiriye mugihe gisaba igisubizo cyihuse.
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Thermocouple: 600s, 100s na 20s inzego eshatu;
Kurwanya ubushyuhe: 90 ～ 180s, 30 ～ 90s, 10 ～ 30s na <10s icyiciro cya kane;
Thermistor: <1s.
(4) Ukurikije ibidukikije bikoreshwa, hitamo agasanduku gahuza ukurikije amahame akurikira:
Ubwoko busanzwe: ahantu hamwe nibihe byiza;
Kumenagura amashanyarazi, kutagira amazi: ahantu hatose cyangwa hafunguye ikirere;
Ibisasu biturika: ahantu hashobora gutwikwa no guturika;
Ubwoko bwa sock: kubihe bidasanzwe gusa.
(5) Muri rusange, uburyo bwo guhuza urudodo burashobora gukoreshwa, kandi uburyo bwo guhuza flange bugomba gukoreshwa mubihe bikurikira:
Gushyira ku bikoresho, imiyoboro itondekanye hamwe n'ibyuma bidafite fer;
Crystallisation, inkovu, gufunga hamwe nibitangazamakuru byangirika cyane:
Itangazamakuru ryaka, riturika kandi ryangiza cyane.
(6) Thermocouples hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro bikoreshwa mubihe bidasanzwe:
Ku bijyanye no kugabanya gaze, gaze ya inert na vacuum aho ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 870 ℃ hamwe na hydrogène irenze 5%, hatoranijwe tungsten-rhenium thermocouple cyangwa guhuha thermocouple;
Ubushyuhe bwubuso bwibikoresho, urukuta rwinyuma rwumuyoboro numubiri uzunguruka, hitamo ubuso cyangwa ibirwanisho bya termocouple hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro;
Hagati irimo ibice bikomeye bikomeye, hatoranijwe kwambara-thermocouple;
Muburinzi bwo kurinda ikintu kimwe cyo gupima (gupima), mugihe hagomba gupimwa ubushyuhe bwingingo nyinshi, ingingo nyinshi (ishami) thermocouples zatoranijwe;
Kugirango uzigame ibikoresho byihariye byo gukingira (nka tantalumu), kunoza umuvuduko wo gusubiza cyangwa gusaba ibice byo gutahura (gupima) kunama no gushyirwaho, hashobora gutorwa thermocouple yintwaro.
2. Ikwirakwiza
Imiyoboro yatoranijwe yo gupima cyangwa kugenzura sisitemu ihujwe nigikoresho gisanzwe cyerekana ibimenyetso.
Mugihe cyujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, birasabwa guhitamo transmitter ihuza gupima no kohereza.
3. Erekana igikoresho
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(3) Icyuma giciriritse (nk'icyuma cyerekana amanota 30) kigomba gukoreshwa mu gufata amajwi menshi.
4. Guhitamo ibikoresho bifasha
(1) Iyo ingingo nyinshi zisangiye igikoresho kimwe cyerekana, hagomba guhitamo icyerekezo gifite ireme ryizewe.
(2) Thermocouples ikoreshwa mugupima ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 1600 ° C.Iyo ubushyuhe bwimihindagurikire yubukonje butuma sisitemu yo gupima idashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, kandi igikoresho cyerekana ntigifite imikorere yubukonje bwubushyuhe bwikora, hagomba guhitamo indishyi zikonje zikonje.
(3) Umugozi w'indishyi
a.Ukurikije umubare wa thermocouples, nimero yabarangije hamwe nibidukikije bikoreshwa, insinga yindishyi cyangwa insinga yindishyi zujuje ibyangombwa igomba guhitamo.
b.Hitamo urwego rutandukanye rwinsinga zindishyi cyangwa insinga zindishyi ukurikije ubushyuhe bwibidukikije:
-20 ～ + 100 ℃ hitamo amanota asanzwe;
-40 ~ +250 ℃ hitamo urwego rwihanganira ubushyuhe.
c.Ahantu hashyushye amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe cyangwa amashanyarazi akomeye hamwe na magnetiki, insinga zindishyi zikingiwe cyangwa insinga zindishyi zikingiwe.
d.Agace kambukiranya insinga zindishyi zigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe agaciro k’ingaruka zo guhangana n’uburebure bwacyo hamwe n’imyigaragambyo yo hanze yemerewe nigikoresho cyerekana, imashini itanga cyangwa interineti.
3. Guhitamo ibikoresho byingutu
<1> Guhitamo igipimo cyumuvuduko
1. Hitamo ukurikije ibidukikije ukoresha hamwe nuburyo bwo gupima
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.Ibikoresho bya diafragma cyangwa diaphragm bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibiranga uburyo bwo gupima.
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(7) Ibipimo bidasanzwe byingutu bigomba gukoreshwa mubitangazamakuru bikurikira bipima:
Amoniya ya gaz, amoniya y'amazi: igipimo cy'umuvuduko wa amoniya, igipimo cya vacuum, umuvuduko wa vacuum;
Oxygene: igipimo cya ogisijeni;
Hydrogen: igipimo cya hydrogène;
Chlorine: igipimo cyumuvuduko wa chlorine, igipimo cya vacuum;
Acetylene: Igipimo cy'umuvuduko wa Acetylene;
Hydrogen sulfide: igipimo cyumuvuduko ukabije wa sulfure;
Lye: igipimo cyumuvuduko ukabije wa alkali, igipimo cya vacuum.
2. guhitamo urwego rwukuri
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3. Guhitamo ibipimo byo hanze
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4. Guhitamo ibipimo byo gupima
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5. Igice nubunini (igipimo)
(1) Ibikoresho byose byingutu bigomba gukoresha ibice byemewe byo gupima.Mubisanzwe: Pa (Pa), kilopascal (kPa) na megapascal (MPa).
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<2> Guhitamo transmitter na sensor
(1) Iyo wohereje hamwe nibimenyetso bisanzwe (4 ~ 20mA), transmitter igomba guhitamo.
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.Ibikoresho bihuye nuburyo bugomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibiranga uburyo.
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<3> Guhitamo ibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho
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(3) Iyo upima gaze irimo ivumbi, hagomba gutoranywa umukungugu.
(4) Mugihe cyo gupima umuvuduko ukabije, hagomba gukoreshwa dampers cyangwa buffers.
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(6) Agasanduku ko gukingira (ubushyuhe) agasanduku kagomba gutoranywa mubihe bikurikira.
Guhindura igitutu hamwe na transmitter kugirango ushyire hanze.
Umuvuduko ukabije hamwe na transmitter zashyizwe mumahugurwa hamwe no kwangirika kwikirere gikabije, umukungugu nibindi bintu byangiza.
Icya kane, guhitamo metero zitemba
<1> Amahame rusange
1. Guhitamo ibipimo
Igipimo cyigikoresho kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa byapimwe modulus yigikoresho.Iyo igipimo cyo gusoma kitari integer, biroroshye guhindura gusoma, kandi birashobora no gutoranywa ukurikije integer.
(1) Urwego rwumuzi uringaniye
Umubare ntarengwa nturenga 95% yubunini bwuzuye;
Imigezi isanzwe ni 70% kugeza 85% yubunini bwuzuye;
Inzira ntoya ntabwo iri munsi ya 30% yubunini bwuzuye.
(2) Umurongo uringaniye
Umubare ntarengwa nturenga 90% yubunini bwuzuye;
Imigezi isanzwe ni 50% kugeza 70% yubunini bwuzuye;
Inzira ntoya ntabwo iri munsi ya 10% yubunini bwuzuye.
2. Ibikoresho byukuri
Imashini ikoreshwa mu gupima ingufu igomba kubahiriza ibiteganywa n’amategeko rusange agenga ibikoresho no gucunga ibikoresho byo gupima ingufu za Enterprises (Ikigeragezo).
(1) Kubijyanye no gupima lisansi yinjira no gutura hanze, ± 0.1%;
(2) Gupima isesengura rya tekiniki nubukungu ryitsinda ryamahugurwa nibikorwa byikoranabuhanga, ± 0.5% kugeza 2%;
(3) Ku gupima amazi mu nganda no mu baturage, ± 2,5%;
(4) Kubipimo byamazi harimo amavuta ashyushye hamwe na parike yuzuye, ± 2,5%;
(5) Mu gupima gaze gasanzwe, gaze na gaze yo mu gihugu, ± 2.0%;
(6) Gupima amavuta akoreshwa mubikoresho byingenzi bitwara ingufu no kugenzura inzira, ± 1.5%;
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3. Igice gitemba
Umubare w'amajwi ni m3 / h, l / h;
Urujya n'uruza muri kg / h, t / h;
Muburyo busanzwe, umuvuduko wa gazi ni Nm3 / h (0 ° C, 0.1013MPa)
<2> Gutoranya ibikoresho rusange bipima amazi, amazi na parike
1. Umuvuduko utandukanye wumuvuduko
(1) Igikoresho
Igikoresho cyo gutera akabariro
Kugirango ibipimo bitemba byamazi rusange, ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutereta (plaque ya orifice isanzwe, nozzles isanzwe) bigomba gukoreshwa.Guhitamo igikoresho gisanzwe kigomba gukurikiza ibivugwa muri GB2624-8l cyangwa mpuzamahanga ISO 5167-1980.Niba hari amategeko mashya yigihugu, amabwiriza mashya agomba gushyirwa mubikorwa.
Igikoresho kitari gisanzwe
Abujuje ibyangombwa bikurikira barashobora guhitamo umuyoboro wa Venturi:
Ibipimo nyabyo kubihombo bito birakenewe;
Ikigereranyo cyapimwe ni gaze isukuye cyangwa amazi;
Diameter y'imbere y'umuyoboro uri hagati ya 100-800mm;
Umuvuduko w'amazi uri muri 1.0MPa.
Niba ibisabwa bikurikira byujujwe, isahani ya orifice irashobora gukoreshwa:
Ikigereranyo cyapimwe ni gaze isukuye n'amazi;
Umubare wa Reynolds urenze (uhwanye) 3000 kandi munsi ya (ingana)) 300000.
Abujuje ibisabwa bikurikira barashobora guhitamo 1/4 kizunguruka:
Ikigereranyo cyapimwe ni gaze isukuye n'amazi;
Umubare wa Reynolds urenze 200 kandi munsi ya 100.000.
Niba ibisabwa bikurikira byujujwe, icyapa kizengurutse gishobora gutoranywa:
Itangazamakuru ryanduye (nka gaze itanura rya gaz, ibyondo, nibindi) bishobora kubyara imyanda mbere na nyuma yicyapa cya orifice;
Ugomba kugira imiyoboro ihanamye cyangwa ihanamye.
Guhitamo uburyo bwo gufata igitutu
Twakagombye gutekereza ko umushinga wose ugomba gukoresha uburyo bumwe bwo gufata igitutu uko bishoboka kose.
Mubisanzwe, uburyo bwo guhuza imfuruka cyangwa igitutu cya flange byemewe.
Ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshwe n'ibisabwa, ubundi buryo bwo gufata igitutu nko gufata umuvuduko wa radiyo burashobora gukoreshwa.
(2) Guhitamo umuvuduko utandukanye wurwego rwohereza imiyoboro itandukanye
Ihitamo ryurwego rutandukanye rugomba kugenwa ukurikije kubara.Mubisanzwe, bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije umuvuduko utandukanye wakazi wamazi:
Umuvuduko muto utandukanye: 6kPa, 10kPa;
Umuvuduko utandukanye wo hagati: 16kPa, 25kPa;
Umuvuduko mwinshi utandukanye: 40kPa, 60kPa.
(3) Ingamba zo kunoza ibipimo byukuri
Ku mazi afite ubushyuhe bunini n’imihindagurikire y’umuvuduko, hagomba gusuzumwa ingamba z’indishyi z’ubushyuhe;
Iyo uburebure bwigice cyigice cyumuyoboro kidahagije cyangwa umuyoboro uzunguruka ubyara umuyoboro, hagomba gutekerezwa ingamba zo gukosora amazi, hanyuma hagomba gutoranywa ikosora ya diameter ihuye.
(4) Ubwoko bwihariye butandukanye bwumuvuduko ukabije
Amashanyarazi
Kugenda kwamazi yuzuye, mugihe ibyangombwa bisabwa bitarenze 2.5, kandi bibarwa mugace cyangwa kure, metero yimyenda irashobora gukoreshwa.
Yubatswe muri orifice flowmeter
Kubipimo bya micro bitemba byamazi meza, amavuta na gaze bitarinze guhagarikwa, mugihe igipimo cyurugero kitarenze 3: 1, ibipimo byo gupima ntabwo biri hejuru, kandi diameter yumuyoboro nturi munsi ya 50mm, yubatswe. orifice flowmeter irashobora gutoranywa.Iyo upimye icyuka, ubushyuhe bwamazi ntiburenga 120 ℃.
2. Agace gatemba
igihe Kuri Iyo ubunyangamugayo butarenze 1.5 kandi igipimo cyurwego ntikirenza 10: 1, rotor flowmeter irashobora gutoranywa.
(1) Ikirahure rotameter
Ikirahure cya rotor kirashobora gukoreshwa mugutanga icyerekezo cyaho kigaragaza umuvuduko muto n'iciriritse, umuvuduko muke, umuvuduko uri munsi ya 1MPa, ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 100 ° C, isuku kandi ikorera mu mucyo, idafite uburozi, idashya kandi iturika, idashobora kwangirika kandi kudafatira ku kirahure.
(2) Metal tube rotameter
①Icyuma gisanzwe cyitwa rotameter
Biroroshye guhumeka, byoroshye guhunika, uburozi, gutwikwa, guturika, kandi ntabwo birimo ibintu bya magneti, fibre nibintu byangiza, kandi ntabwo byangirika kubyuma bidafite ingese (1Crl8Ni9Ti) kugirango bipime amazi mato mato mato.Iyo ibyerekezo byaho cyangwa ibimenyetso bya kure bisabwa gukenerwa, ibyuma bisanzwe byitwa rotameter birashobora gukoreshwa.
Type Ubwoko bwihariye bwicyuma tube rotameter
Ikariso ya Metal Tube Rotameter
Iyo igipimo cyapimwe cyoroshye korohereza cyangwa guhumeka cyangwa gifite ubukonje bwinshi, icyuma cya jacketi cyuma cya rotameter gishobora gutoranywa.Uburyo bwo gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha bwanyuze mu ikoti.
Kurwanya ruswa ibyuma bya rotameter
Kugirango hapimwe ibipimo byangirika, birashobora gukoreshwa ibyuma birwanya ruswa.
(3) Rotameter
Kwishyiriraho bihagaritse birakenewe, kandi impengamiro ntabwo irenze 5 °.Amazi agomba kuba kuva hasi kugeza hejuru, imyanya yo kwishyiriraho igomba kuba idahindagurika, byoroshye kuyitegereza no kuyitaho, kandi hejuru no kumanuka hafunzwe na valve bypass.Kubitangazamakuru byanduye, akayunguruzo kagomba gushyirwaho kumurongo winjiza.
3. Umuvuduko w umuvuduko
(1) Intego yerekana intego
Kubipimo byamazi byamazi hamwe nubukonje bwinshi hamwe nigice gito cyibice bikomeye, mugihe ubunyangamugayo butarenze 1.5 kandi igipimo cyurwego ntikirenza 3: 1, intego ya flometer irashobora gukoreshwa.
Intego yibikoresho byashyizwe mubisanzwe bitambitse.Uburebure bw'igice cy'imbere kigororotse ni 15-40D, naho uburebure bw'igice cy'inyuma kigororotse ni 5D.
(2) Turbine flowmeter
Kugirango ibipimo bitemba bya gaze isukuye hamwe namazi meza asukuye hamwe nubwiza bwa kinematike butarenze 5 × 10-6m2 / s, imashini ya turbine irashobora gukoreshwa mugihe hagikenewe gupimwa neza kandi igipimo cyurwego ntikirenza 10: 1.
Imiyoboro ya turbine igomba gushyirwaho kumuyoboro utambitse kugirango yuzuze umuyoboro wose amazi, hanyuma ushyire hejuru no kumanuka uhagarara kumpande na bypass bypass, kimwe na filteri hejuru hamwe na valve isohoka hepfo.
Uburebure bw'igice kigororotse: igice cyo hejuru ntabwo kiri munsi ya 20D, naho kumanuka ntabwo biri munsi ya 5D.
(3) Umuyoboro wa Vortex (Kaman vortex flowmeter cyangwa vortex flowmeter)
Kubipimo binini kandi biciriritse bipima gaze isukuye, ibyuka n'amazi, vortex flowmeter irashobora gutoranywa.Imiyoboro ya Vortex ntigomba gukoreshwa mugupima amazi yihuta n'amazi afite ubukonje burenze 20 × 10-3pa · s.Mugihe cyo guhitamo, umuvuduko wumuyoboro ugomba kugenzurwa.
Flowmeter ifite ibiranga gutakaza umuvuduko muke no kwishyiriraho byoroshye.
Ibisabwa kubice by'imiyoboro igororotse: hejuru ni 15-40D (ukurikije imiyoboro);mugihe wongeyeho ikosora hejuru, hejuru ntabwo iri munsi ya 10D;kumanuka ni byibuze 5D.
(4) Metero y'amazi
Igipimo cyamazi yegeranijwe kurubuga, mugihe igipimo cyo kugabanuka kiri munsi ya 30: 1, gishobora gukoresha metero yamazi.
Imetero y'amazi yashyizwe kumuyoboro utambitse, kandi uburebure bw'igice kigororotse gisabwa kuba munsi ya 8D hejuru kandi ntiburenze 5D kumanuka.
<3> Guhitamo ibikoresho bipima ibintu byangirika, bitwara cyangwa bitemba hamwe nibice bikomeye
1. Imashanyarazi ya electronique
Ikoreshwa mugupima ibintu byamazi cyangwa kimwe cyamazi-ikomeye yibice bibiri hamwe nubushobozi burenze 10μS / cm.Ifite ruswa irwanya ruswa kandi irwanya kwambara, nta gutakaza igitutu.Irashobora gupima itangazamakuru ritandukanye nka acide ikomeye, alkali ikomeye, umunyu, amazi ya amoniya, icyondo, amabuye y'agaciro hamwe n'impapuro.
Icyerekezo cyo kwishyiriraho gishobora kuba gihagaritse, gitambitse cyangwa cyegeranye.Iyo ushyizeho uhagaritse, amazi agomba kuba kuva hasi kugeza hejuru.Kubisukari-bikomeye ibice bibiri byitangazamakuru, nibyiza gushiraho uhagaritse.
Iyo ushyizwe kumuyoboro utambitse, amazi agomba kuzuzwa igice cyumuyoboro, na electrode ya transmitter igomba kuba kumurongo umwe utambitse;uburebure bwigice kigororotse kigomba kuba munsi ya 5-10D hejuru kandi ntigomba kuba munsi ya 3-5D kumanuka cyangwa ntagisabwa (uwabikoze bitandukanye, ibisabwa bitandukanye).
Ikwirakwiza ntirigomba gushyirwaho ahantu imbaraga za rukuruzi zirenga 398A / m.
2. Igikoresho kidasanzwe gisanzwe reba hejuru
1. Umuvuduko wa volumetric
(1) Oval gear flowmeter
Amazi meza, yuzuye-viscosity isaba gupima neza neza.Iyo igipimo cyurwego kiri munsi ya 10: 1, oval gear flowmeter irashobora gukoreshwa.
Ibikoresho bya oval bigomba gushyirwaho kumuyoboro utambitse, naho ibipimo byerekana ibimenyetso bigomba kuba mu ndege ihagaritse;hejuru yo hejuru no kumanuka hafunzwe na valve bypass bigomba gutangwa.Akayunguruzo kagomba gushyirwaho hejuru.
Kuri micro itemba, micro oval gear flowmeter irashobora gukoreshwa.
Iyo upimye ubwoko bwose bwitangazamakuru ryoroshye, hagomba kongerwaho umuyaga.
(2) Ikibabi cyo mu rukenyerero
Kuri gaze isukuye cyangwa amazi, cyane cyane amavuta yo gusiga, gupima imigezi bisaba ubunyangamugayo buhanitse, uruziga rwikibuno rutemewe.
Flowmeter igomba gushyirwaho mu buryo butambitse, hamwe n'umuyoboro wa bypass hamwe na filteri yashyizwe kumurongo wanyuma.
(3) Scraper flowmeter
Gukomeza gupima umuvuduko wamazi mumiyoboro ifunze, cyane cyane gupima neza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byamavuta, scraper flowmeter irashobora gutoranywa.
Kwishyiriraho scraper flowmeter bigomba kuzuza umuyoboro amazi, kandi bigomba gushyirwaho mu buryo butambitse kugirango umubare wa compteur uri mubyerekezo bihagaritse.
Mugihe cyo gupima ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byamavuta kandi bisaba gupimwa neza, hagomba kongerwamo umuyaga.
2. Intego yerekana intego
Kubipimo byamazi byamazi hamwe nubukonje bwinshi hamwe nigice gito cyibice bikomeye, mugihe ubunyangamugayo butarenze 1.5 kandi igipimo cyurwego ntikirenza 3: 1, intego ya flometer irashobora gukoreshwa.
Intego yibikoresho byashyizwe mubisanzwe bitambitse.Uburebure bw'igice cy'imbere kigororotse ni 15-40D, naho uburebure bw'igice cy'inyuma kigororotse ni 5D.
<5> Guhitamo ibikoresho binini byo gupima diameter
Iyo diameter ya pipe ari nini, gutakaza umuvuduko bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikoreshereze yingufu.Imiyoboro isanzwe ihenze.Iyo igihombo cyumuvuduko ari kinini, imiyoboro yumuvuduko umwe wumuvuduko wumuvuduko, gucomeka mumihanda ya vortex, gucomeka muri turbine, amashanyarazi ya electromagnetiki, imiyoboro ya venturi, hamwe na ultrasonic flumeter bishobora gutoranywa ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.
1, umwironge umwe umuvuduko wumuvuduko wamazi
Kugirango hapimwe gazi isukuye, ibyuka, hamwe namazi meza asukuye afite ubukonje buri munsi ya 0.3Pa · s, mugihe igihombo cyumuvuduko gisabwa kuba gito, umwirondoro wumuvuduko wumuvuduko wumuvuduko urashobora gutorwa.
Umuyoboro umeze nk'imyironge ushyizwe kumuyoboro utambitse, n'uburebure bw'igice kigororotse: inzira yo hejuru ntabwo iri munsi ya 6-24D, naho kumanuka nturi munsi ya 3-4D.
2. Kwinjiza turbine flowmeter, insertion vortex flowmeter, electromagnetic flowmeter, umuyoboro wa Venturi
Reba hejuru.
<6> Guhitamo ibikoresho bishya bipima ibintu
1. Ultrasonic flowmeter
Ultrasonic flowmeter irashobora gukoreshwa mumazi yose atwara amajwi.Usibye itangazamakuru rusange, kubitangazamakuru bikora mubihe bibi nko kwangirika gukomeye, kutitwara neza, gutwikwa no guturika, hamwe na radioactivite, mugihe gupima itumanaho bidashobora gukoreshwa, birashobora gukoreshwa.Metero ya Ultrasonic.
Metero ya metero nyinshi
Mugihe bibaye ngombwa gupima mu buryo butaziguye kandi neza neza ubwinshi bwamazi, imyuka myinshi hamwe na slurries, metero zitemba zirashobora gukoreshwa.
Metero zitemba zitanga amakuru yukuri kandi yizewe atagendeye kumihindagurikire yubushyuhe bwamazi, umuvuduko, ubucucike cyangwa ubwiza.
Imetero ya metero nini irashobora gushyirwaho mubyerekezo byose bidafite imiyoboro igororotse.
<7> Guhitamo ifu no guhagarika ibikoresho bikomeye byo gupima
1. Shira kumurongo
Kugirango ibipimo bitembera byifu yubusa-ifu yubusa hamwe nibishobora gukomera, mugihe ibikoresho bisabwa gufungwa no gutangwa, hagomba gukoreshwa impumyi ya impulse;impanuka ya impulse ikwiranye nibikoresho byinshi byubunini buke, kandi birashobora kuba ukuri nubwo haba hari umukungugu mwinshi Wapimwe, ariko uburemere bwibikoresho byinshi ntibushobora kurenza 5% byuburemere bwateganijwe mbere isahani.
Kwishyiriraho impulse ya flux bisaba ko ibikoresho bigomba kwemezwa ko bigwa mu bwisanzure, kandi nta mbaraga zo hanze zigomba gukora ku kintu cyapimwe.Hano haribisabwa bimwe kugirango ushyireho inguni ya plaque, inguni n'uburebure hagati yicyambu cyo kugaburira hamwe na plaque, kandi bifite isano runaka hamwe no guhitamo urwego.Igomba kubarwa mbere yo gutoranya.
Igipimo cy'umukandara wa elegitoroniki
Ibipimo bikomeye byo gupima umukandara, bishyirwa kumukandara hamwe nibikorwa bisanzwe.Ibisabwa byo kwishyiriraho ibipimo byo gupima birakomeye.Umwanya wikipimisho gipima kumukandara hamwe nintera iva ku cyambu cyambaye ubusa bizagira ingaruka kubipimo.Umwanya wo kwishyiriraho ugomba guhitamo.
3. Kurikirana igipimo
Kugirango habeho gupima byikora byimodoka zitwara gari ya moshi, umunzani wa dinamike ugomba guhitamo.
Icya gatanu, guhitamo igikoresho cyo murwego
<1> Amahame rusange
. kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, no kongera inyungu zubukungu.Gira uruhare rukwiye.
.Mugihe ibisabwa bitujujwe, capacitive, irwanya (guhuza amashanyarazi), nibikoresho bya sonic birashobora gukoreshwa.
Ibipimo byo gupima ibintu bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije ingano yubunini bwibintu, inguni yo kuruhuka kwibikoresho, imashanyarazi yumuriro wibikoresho, imiterere ya silo nibisabwa byo gupimwa.
(3) Imiterere nibikoresho byigikoresho bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibiranga uburyo bwapimwe.Ibintu nyamukuru tugomba gusuzuma ni igitutu, ubushyuhe, kwangirika, amashanyarazi;niba hari ibintu nka polymerisation, viscosity, imvura, kristu, conjunctiva, gasifike, ifuro, nibindi.;ubucucike n'ubucucike;ingano y'ibikoresho byahagaritswe mumazi;Urwego rwo guhungabana hejuru nubunini bwibintu bikomeye.
.Iyo ibimenyetso bisabwa bisabwa, ibikoresho bifite ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bisohoka cyangwa imikorere ya signal isohoka irashobora gutoranywa.
.Usibye urwego rwa metero yo gupima ingano, urwego rusanzwe rugomba kuba hafi 50% ya metero.
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(7) Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikoreshwa ahantu hashobora guturika nka gaze yaka, umwuka hamwe n ivumbi ryaka.Ubwoko bukwiye bwo guturika buturika bugomba gutoranywa cyangwa izindi ngamba zo gukingira zigomba gufatwa ukurikije icyiciro cyagenwe cy’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga n’urwego rw’ibyago byapimwe.
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<2> Guhitamo urwego rwamazi nibikoresho byo gupima intera
1. Igikoresho cyo gupima igitutu gitandukanye
(1) Kugirango habeho gupimwa guhoraho kurwego rwamazi, hagomba gutoranywa igikoresho gitandukanye.
Kubipimo byimbere, igikoresho gitandukanya igitutu gishobora gutoranywa, ariko birasabwa ko urwego rwamazi rwuzuye rugomba guhora hejuru kurenza icyambu cyo hejuru.
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(3) Iyo ubwinshi bwamazi buhindutse cyane mubihe bisanzwe byakazi, ntibikwiye gukoresha igikoresho gitandukanye.
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Amazi menshi ya kristaline, amazi-yuzuye cyane, amazi ya gelatinous, hamwe namazi yimvura agomba gukoresha plug-in flange igikoresho gitandukanya igitutu.
Niba hari umubare munini wa kondensate hamwe nubutaka kurwego rwamazi yikigereranyo cyapimwe hejuru, cyangwa niba amazi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru akeneye gutandukanywa na transmitter, cyangwa mugihe igikoresho cyapimwe gikeneye gusimburwa, umutwe wapimye ukeneye kwezwa rwose, ubwoko bubiri bwa flange burashobora gutoranywa.Igipimo cyumuvuduko utandukanye.
. Igipimo cyumuvuduko, igikoresho cyohereza igitutu cyangwa igikoresho gitandukanya igitutu cyo gupima.
. , bigomba kugenwa ukurikije ibihe byihariye.Shiraho akato, utandukanya, imyuka, imipira iringaniza nibindi bice, cyangwa ubushyuhe hanyuma ukurikirane umuyoboro wo gupima.
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2. Igikoresho cyo gupima
. , igikoresho cyo mu bwoko bwa buoy kigomba gukoreshwa.
Kubintu bya vacuum nibisukari byoroshye guhumeka, ibikoresho byubwoko bugomba gukoreshwa.
Ibikoresho bya pneumatike bireremba bigomba gukoreshwa kurubuga rwamazi rwerekana cyangwa guhinduka.
Imetero yo gusimbuza igomba gukoreshwa mugusukura amazi.
(2) Hitamo igikoresho cyo mu bwoko bwa buoy.Iyo ibisabwa byukuri ari byinshi kandi ikimenyetso gisaba kohereza kure, ubwoko buringaniye bugomba guhitamo;mugihe ibyangombwa bisabwa bitari hejuru kandi byerekanwe cyangwa byahinduwe bisabwa, ubwoko bwimurwa bwimurwa burashobora gutoranywa.
.kubintu byamazi bidasobekeranye kandi bitagaragara neza mubushyuhe bwo gukora, ariko birashobora gutobora cyangwa gukomera kubushyuhe bwibidukikije, nanone bigomba gukoreshwa imbere.Kubikoresho bitunganijwe bitemewe guhagarara, buoy y'imbere ntigomba gukoreshwa, ariko buoy yo hanze igomba gukoreshwa.Kubintu byiza cyane, kristaline cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibintu byamazi, kureremba hanze ntibigomba gukoreshwa.
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(5) Imashini yimura amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mugihe aho urwego rwamazi rwapimwe ruhindagurika kenshi, kandi ibimenyetso bisohoka bigomba gucibwa.
3. Igikoresho cyo gupima amazi
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.Kubipima bikomeza hamwe no gupima ingingo nyinshi zamazi ya viscous fluid, ntibikwiye kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byubwoko bureremba.
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.kugirango wirinde kureremba kutagira ingaruka ku ihungabana ry’amazi, hagomba gushyirwaho akazu gahamye.
(5) Gukomeza gupima urwego rwamazi cyangwa ingano yamazi mubigega binini bibikwa.Kubigega bimwe byo kubikamo cyangwa ibigega byinshi bibika bisaba gupima neza, metero zamazi ziyobowe nurumuri zigomba gukoreshwa;kubigega bimwe byo kubika hamwe nibisabwa muri rusange byo gupima neza, ibyuma Hamwe na metero yo kureremba.Kubigega bimwe byo kubika cyangwa ibigega byinshi bibika bisaba guhanagura neza-guhoraho gupima urwego rwamazi, intera, ingano na misa, sisitemu yo gupima ikigega cyo kubika igomba guhitamo.
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4. Igikoresho cyo gupima ubushobozi
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Iyo ikoreshejwe mugupima intera, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byamazi abiri bigomba kuba byujuje ibya tekiniki yibicuruzwa.
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.kumazi adafite amabara meza, electrode yo mu bwoko bwa amaboko irashobora gukoreshwa;kumazi ya viscous idatwara ibintu, electrode yambaye ubusa irashobora gukoreshwa, hejuru ya electrode igomba guhitamo ibikoresho bifitanye isano rito hamwe namazi kugirango bipimishe cyangwa bifate ingamba zo gukora isuku byikora.
(4) Urwego rwubushobozi ntirushobora gukoreshwa mugupima guhoraho kurwego rwamazi meza.
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.ubushobozi bwa metero ya metero ikoreshwa mugupima guhoraho igomba gushyirwaho uhagaritse.
5. Igikoresho cyo gupima (guhuza amashanyarazi)
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.Ku mazi adatwara kandi yoroshye gukurikiza electrode, metero irwanya (guhuza amashanyarazi) ntigomba gukoreshwa.
6. Igikoresho cyo gupima igitutu gihamye
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Kugirango uhore upima urwego rwamazi mumitsi idacometse, ibikoresho bya hydrostatike birashobora gutoranywa.
(2) Mugihe gisanzwe cyakazi, mugihe ubwinshi bwamazi bwahindutse kuburyo bugaragara, ntibikwiye gukoresha igikoresho gihamye.
7. Igikoresho cyo gupima Sonic
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(2) Icyitegererezo nuburyo imiterere yigikoresho cya sonic bigomba kugenwa ukurikije ibiranga imiterere yapimwe nibindi bintu.
.Ntibikwiye kumazi arimo ibibyimba n'amazi arimo ibice bikomeye.
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8. Igikoresho cyo gupima Microwave
. bigomba gukoreshwa.
Uburyo bwo gupima ibikoresho byo gupima microwave bifata microwave ikomeza kubisikana murwego rwihariye.Iyo intera iri hagati yurwego rwamazi na antenne ihindutse, itandukaniro ryinshuro ryakozwe hagati yikimenyetso cyerekana ibimenyetso byerekana, kandi itandukaniro ryinshuro rifitanye isano nintera iri hagati yurwego rwamazi na antene.Iringaniza, itandukaniro rero mubipimo byo gupima birashobora guhinduka kugirango ubone urwego rwamazi.
(2) Imiterere nibikoresho bya antenne bigomba kugenwa ukurikije ibiranga imiterere yapimwe, umuvuduko uri mububiko nibindi bintu.
(3) Kubigega byo kubika bifite inzitizi zimbere bigira ingaruka ku ikwirakwizwa rya microwave, ibikoresho bya microwave ntibigomba gukoreshwa.
.kubitetse cyangwa guhungabana urwego rwamazi, kugabanya diameter bigomba gutekerezwa.Umuyoboro uhagaze w'ihembe hamwe nizindi ngamba zindishyi zo kunoza ibipimo.
9. Igikoresho cyo gupima imirasire ya kirimbuzi
. , ibikoresho by'imirasire ya kirimbuzi birashobora gutoranywa..
(2) Imbaraga zinkomoko yimirasire igomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibisabwa byo gupimwa.Muri icyo gihe, nyuma yuko imirasire inyuze mu kintu cyapimwe, igipimo cy’imirasire ku kazi kigomba kuba gito gishoboka, kandi igipimo cy’umutekano kigomba kubahiriza “Amabwiriza yo Kurinda Imirasire” (GB8703-88).), bitabaye ibyo, ingamba zo gukingira nko kwigunga zigomba gusuzumwa neza.
.Iyo ubukana bw'imirasire isabwa kuba nto, radium (Re) irashobora gukoreshwa;mugihe ubukana bwinkomoko yimirasire isabwa kuba nini, cesium 137 (Csl37) irashobora gukoreshwa;mugihe igikuta kizengurutse gisaba ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjira, cobalt 60 (Co60).
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10. Igikoresho cyo gupima lazeri
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(2) Kubintu bisukuye neza rwose bitagaragajwe, ibikoresho byo gupima laser ntibishobora gukoreshwa.
1. Igikoresho cyo gupima ubushobozi
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2. Igikoresho cyo gupima Sonic
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(3) Kugirango habeho gupima no gupima urwego rwibikoresho bya micropowder, hagomba gukoreshwa ibipimo byerekana ultrasonic.Igipimo cyerekana ultrasonic urwego ntirukwiriye gupimwa kurwego rwibipimo byuzuye ivumbi na hoppers, cyangwa kubipima urwego hamwe nubuso butaringaniye.
3. Igikoresho cyo gupima (guhuza amashanyarazi)
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4. Igikoresho cyo gupima Microwave
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(2) Ntibikwiye gupimwa kurwego hamwe n'ubuso butaringaniye.
5. Igikoresho cyo gupima imirasire ya kirimbuzi
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(2) Ibindi bisabwa bigomba kubahiriza ingingo zavuzwe haruguru.
6. Igikoresho cyo gupima lazeri
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(2) Kubikoresho bisobanutse neza bitagaragajwe, ibikoresho byo gupima laser ntibishobora gukoreshwa.
7. Igikoresho cyo gupima anti-rotation
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(2) Ingano ya rotor igomba guhitamo ukurikije ubwinshi bwibintu.
(3) Kugirango wirinde imikorere mibi yigikoresho cyatewe nibikoresho bikubita rotor, hagomba gushyirwaho isahani yo gukingira hejuru ya rotor.
8. Igikoresho cyo gupima Diaphragm
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9. Igikoresho gikomeye cyo gupima inyundo
. intera isanzwe.Koresha igikoresho cyo gupima inyundo iremereye.
(2) Imiterere yinyundo iremereye igomba gutoranywa ukurikije ingano yingingo, ubuhehere bwumye nibindi bintu byibikoresho.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-21-2022