Intangiriro ya Voltmeter

Incamake

Voltmeter nigikoresho cyo gupima voltage, ikoreshwa cyane voltmeter - voltmeter.Ikimenyetso: V, hariho magneti ahoraho muri galvanometero yunvikana, igiceri kigizwe ninsinga gihujwe murukurikirane hagati yimirongo ibiri ya galvanometero, coil ishyirwa mumashanyarazi ya magneti ahoraho, kandi ihujwe nokwerekana y'isaha binyuze mu gikoresho cyohereza.Voltmeter nyinshi zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri.Voltmeter ifite ama terinal atatu, itumanaho rimwe na terefone ebyiri nziza.Inzira nziza ya voltmeter ihujwe na terefone nziza yumuzunguruko, naho itumanaho ryiza rihujwe na terefone mbi yumuzingi.Voltmeter igomba guhuzwa hamwe nibikoresho byamashanyarazi biri kugeragezwa.Voltmeter ni résistoriste nini cyane, bifatwa nkumuzunguruko ufunguye.Ubusanzwe voltmeter ikoreshwa muri laboratoire y'amashuri yisumbuye ni 0 ~ 3V na 0 ~ 15V.

Wihame rya orking

Imvugo gakondo voltmeter na ammeter bishingiye ku ihame ningaruka za rukuruzi zubu.Nibyinshi bigezweho, niko imbaraga za rukuruzi zibyara umusaruro, byerekana nini ihindagurika ryerekana kuri voltmeter.Hano hari magnet na coil wire muri voltmeter.Nyuma yo gutambutsa ikigezweho, coil izabyara umurima wa magneti.Igiceri kimaze gushyirwaho ingufu Deflection izabaho mugikorwa cya magneti, aricyo gice cyumutwe wa ammeter na voltmeter.

Kubera ko voltmeter igomba guhuzwa hamwe nuburinganire bwapimwe, niba ammeter yoroheje ikoreshwa nka voltmeter, umuyoboro uri muri metero uzaba munini cyane kandi metero izashya.Muri iki gihe, imyigaragambyo nini igomba guhuzwa mukurikirane hamwe nizunguruka ryimbere ya voltmeter., Nyuma yiyi mpinduka, iyo voltmeter ihujwe muburyo bubangikanye, igice kinini cyumubyigano ukoreshwa kumpande zombi za metero gisangiwe nuruhererekane rwo kurwanya bitewe numurimo wo guhangana, bityo umuyaga unyura muri metero mubyukuri ntoya cyane, bityo Irashobora gukoreshwa mubisanzwe.

Ikimenyetso cya voltmeter ya DC kigomba kongeramo “_” munsi ya V, naho ikimenyetso cya voltmeter ya AC kigomba kongeramo umurongo wuzuye “~” munsi ya V.

Agusaba

Byakoreshejwe gupima agaciro ka voltage hejuru yumuzunguruko cyangwa ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.

Ibyiciro

Imashini yerekana metero yo gupima ingufu za DC na voltage ya AC.Igabanyijemo DC voltmeter na AC voltmeter.

Ubwoko bwa DC bukoresha uburyo bwo gupima metero ya magnetoelectricity na metero ya electrostatike.

Ubwoko bwa AC bukoresha cyane cyane uburyo bwo gupima metero y'amashanyarazi ikosora, metero y'amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa electronique, metero y'amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa metero na metero y'amashanyarazi.

Voltmeter ya digitale nigikoresho gihindura agaciro ka voltage yapimwe muburyo bwa digitale hamwe na analog-to-digitale kandi bigaragazwa muburyo bwa digitale.Niba voltage idasanzwe kubera impamvu nkumurabyo, koresha urusaku rwo hanze rwinjiza uruziga nkumurongo wamashanyarazi cyangwa umurongo utari umurongo.

Igitabo cyo gutoranya

Uburyo bwo gupima ammeter na voltmeter mubusanzwe burasa, ariko guhuza mumuzingo wo gupima biratandukanye.Kubwibyo, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa muguhitamo no gukoresha ammeter na voltmeter.

⒈ Ubwoko bwo guhitamo.Iyo ibipimo ari DC, metero ya DC igomba gutoranywa, ni ukuvuga metero ya sisitemu ya magnetoelectric sisitemu yo gupima.Iyo AC yapimwe, igomba kwitondera imiterere yayo ninshuro.Niba ari umuyaga wa sine, irashobora guhindurwa mubindi byagaciro (nkigiciro ntarengwa, agaciro kagereranijwe, nibindi) gusa mugupima agaciro keza, kandi ubwoko bwa metero ya AC burashobora gukoreshwa;niba ari umuraba utari sine, ugomba gutandukanya ibigomba gupimwa Kubiciro bya rms, igikoresho cya sisitemu ya magnetique cyangwa sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ya ferromagnetic irashobora gutoranywa, kandi impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyibikoresho bya sisitemu yo gukosora irashobora kuba Byahiswemo.Igikoresho cya sisitemu yo gupima sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa kenshi mugupima neza neza guhinduranya amashanyarazi na voltage.

Guhitamo ukuri.Nibisobanuro byukuri byigikoresho, nigiciro gihenze kandi kubungabunga bigoye.Byongeye kandi, niba ibindi bintu bidahuye neza, igikoresho gifite urwego rwo hejuru ntirushobora kubona ibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima.Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo guhitamo igikoresho gito-cyuzuye kugirango cyuzuze ibisabwa byo gupimwa, ntuhitemo igikoresho cyukuri.Mubisanzwe metero 0.1 na 0.2 zikoreshwa nka metero zisanzwe;Metero 0.5 na 1.0 zikoreshwa mugupima laboratoire;ibikoresho biri munsi ya 1.5 bikoreshwa mubipimo byubuhanga.

Guhitamo urutonde.Kugirango utange umukino wuzuye kuruhare rwukuri rwibikoresho, birakenewe kandi guhitamo neza imipaka yigikoresho ukurikije ubunini bwapimwe.Niba guhitamo bidakwiye, ikosa ryo gupima rizaba rinini cyane.Mubisanzwe, kwerekana igikoresho kigomba gupimwa kirenze 1/2 ~ 2/3 cyurwego ntarengwa rwibikoresho, ariko ntibishobora kurenga urugero rwacyo.

Guhitamo kurwanya imbere.Mugihe uhitamo metero, imbere yimbere ya metero nayo igomba gutoranywa ukurikije ubunini bwapedance yapimwe, bitabaye ibyo bikazana ikosa rinini ryo gupima.Kuberako ubunini bwimbere bwimbere bugaragaza ingufu za metero ubwayo, mugihe upimye umuyaga, ammeter hamwe nimbaraga ntoya imbere igomba gukoreshwa;mugihe upima voltage, voltmeter hamwe nimbaraga nini imbere igomba gukoreshwa.

Maintenance

1. Kurikiza byimazeyo ibisabwa nigitabo, hanyuma ubike kandi ubikoreshe mugihe cyemewe cyubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umukungugu, kunyeganyega, amashanyarazi ya electronique nibindi bihe.

2. Igikoresho kibitswe igihe kinini kigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kandi kigomba kuvaho.

3. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe igihe kinini bigomba gukorerwa ubugenzuzi no gukosorwa ukurikije ibisabwa byo gupima amashanyarazi.

4. Ntugasenye kandi ucukure igikoresho uko wishakiye, bitabaye ibyo ibyiyumvo byacyo hamwe nukuri bizagira ingaruka.

5. Kubikoresho bifite bateri zashyizwe muri metero, witondere kugenzura isohoka rya bateri, hanyuma uyisimbuze mugihe kugirango wirinde gutwarwa na electrolyte ya batiri no kwangirika kwibice.Kuri metero itazakoreshwa igihe kinini, bateri muri metero igomba kuvaho.

Ibintu bikeneye kwitabwaho

(1) Iyo upimye, voltmeter igomba guhuzwa ibangikanye numuzunguruko uri munsi yikizamini.

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TRoubleshooting

Ihame ryimirimo ya voltmeter ya digitale iraruhije cyane, kandi ifite ubwoko bwinshi, ariko ibisanzwe bikoreshwa na voltmeter ya digitale (harimo na multimetero ya digitale) irashobora kugabanywa mubice byateganijwe na DC ya voltmeter ya digitale ya A / D ihinduranya hamwe no kugereranya bikurikiranye.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibitekerezo-bikubiyemo DC ya voltmeter ya A / D ihindura.Mubisanzwe, hariho uburyo bukurikira bwo kubungabunga.

1. Ikizamini cyiza mbere yo gusubiramo

Ibi ahanini binyuze muri "zeru zeru" na "voltage calibration" ya mashini nyuma yo gutangira gushyuha kugirango hamenyekane niba imikorere ya logique ya voltmeter ya digitale ari ibisanzwe.

Niba polarite ya “+” na “-” irashobora guhinduka mugihe cya “zeru zeru”, cyangwa mugihe voltage ya “+” na “-” ihinduwe, gusa imibare yerekanwe ntabwo ari yo, ndetse numero ya voltage yerekanwa na kimwe muri byombi., byerekana ko muri rusange imikorere ya logique ya voltmeter ya digitale isanzwe.

Ibinyuranye, niba guhinduka kwa zeru bidashoboka cyangwa nta voltage yerekana amashanyarazi, byerekana ko imikorere ya logique yimashini yose idasanzwe.

2. Gupima voltage yo gutanga

Umuvuduko udasobanutse cyangwa udahinduka wa voltage zitandukanye za DC zagenzuye amashanyarazi imbere ya voltmeter ya digitale, hamwe na diode ya zener (2DW7B, 2DW7C, nibindi) bikoreshwa nkisoko ya "reference voltage" nta bisohoka byagenwe, biganisha kumikorere ya logique ya voltmeter ya digitale.Imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zitera imvururu.Kubwibyo, mugihe utangiye gusana amakosa, ugomba kubanza kugenzura niba amashanyarazi atandukanye ya DC ya stabilisateur yasohotse hamwe nisoko ya voltage yimbere muri voltmeter ya digitale neza kandi ihamye.Niba ikibazo kibonetse kandi kigakosorwa, amakosa arashobora kuvaho kandi imikorere ya logique ya voltmeter ya digitale irashobora gusubizwa mubisanzwe.

3. Ibikoresho bishobora guhinduka

Ibikoresho bya Semi-variable mumuzunguruko wimbere ya voltmeter ya digitale, nka "reference voltage" inkomoko ya trimost rheostats, itandukaniro rya amplifier ikora itandukanya rheostat, hamwe na transistor yagenzuye amashanyarazi atanga amashanyarazi agenga potentiometero, nibindi, kubera ko gutembera kwi gice cya kabiri. ibikoresho bishobora guhinduka bifite aho bihurira, cyangwa birwanya insinga-ibikomere byoroheje, kandi kwerekana agaciro ka voltmeter ya digitale akenshi ntabwo ari byo, bidahindagurika, kandi ntibishobora gupimwa.Rimwe na rimwe, impinduka nkeya mubikoresho bifitanye isano nigice gishobora guhindurwa birashobora gukuraho ikibazo cyo guhura nabi no kugarura voltmeter ya digitale mubisanzwe.

Tugomba kwerekana ko kubera ihindagurika rya parasitike ya transistor yagengaga amashanyarazi ubwayo, akenshi itera voltmeter ya digitale kwerekana ibintu byananiranye bidahungabana.Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo kutagira ingaruka kumikorere ya mashini yose, voltage igenga potentiometero nayo irashobora guhinduka gato kugirango ikureho parasitike.

4. Itegereze imikorere ikora

Kuri voltmeter ya digitale idakwiye, koresha oscilloskopi ikwiye ya elegitoronike kugirango urebe ibyasohotse byerekana ibimenyetso byakozwe na integer, ibisohoka byerekana ibimenyetso byakozwe na generator yisaha ya pulse, imikorere yumurongo wimpeta yintambwe yumuzunguruko hamwe na ripple voltage yumurongo wamashanyarazi yagenwe. , nibindi Birafasha cyane mugushakisha aho ikosa no gusesengura icyateye amakosa.

5. Iga ihame ryumuzunguruko

Niba ntakibazo kibonetse binyuze muburyo bwo kubungabunga hejuru, birakenewe ko twongera kwiga ihame ryumuzunguruko wa voltmeter ya digitale, ni ukuvuga, gusobanukirwa ihame ryakazi nubusabane bwumvikana bwa buri gice cyumuzunguruko, kugirango dusesengure ibice byumuzunguruko bishobora gutera amakosa, na gahunda yo kugenzura Gahunda yikizamini kubitera gutsindwa.

6. Tegura gahunda yikizamini

Voltmeter ya digitale nigikoresho cya elegitoroniki gipima neza gifite imiterere yumuzunguruko hamwe nibikorwa bya logique.Kubwibyo, hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwimbitse bwerekeye ihame ryakazi ryimashini yose, hashobora gutegurwa gahunda yikizamini ukurikije isesengura ryibanze ryibishobora kunanirwa kugirango hamenyekane neza aho amakosa ari no kumenya agaciro kangiritse kandi gahinduka ibikoresho, kugirango tugere ku ntego yo gusana igikoresho.

7. Gerageza no kuvugurura igikoresho

Hano haribikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mukuzunguruka kwa voltmeter ya digitale, muribo muri Zener nkisoko ya voltage yerekana, ni ukuvuga diode isanzwe ya Zener, nka 2DW7B, 2DW7C, nibindi, amplifier yerekana hamwe na amplifier ikora hamwe muri umuzenguruko wumuzingi, impeta yintambwe itera Guhindura diode mumuzunguruko, kimwe na blokisiyo ihuriweho cyangwa guhinduranya transistors mumuzingo wanditseho bistable, akenshi byangiritse kandi bigahinduka mubyagaciro.Kubwibyo, igikoresho kivugwa kigomba kugeragezwa, kandi igikoresho kidashobora kugeragezwa cyangwa cyarageragejwe ariko kigifite ibibazo kigomba kuvugururwa kugirango amakosa akurweho vuba.